不同地区动物源致病性大肠杆菌的分子特性与表型分析

为进一步了解致病性大肠杆菌流行状况,减轻大肠杆菌对畜牧业和公共卫生的危害,对不同时间国内外报道的动物中分离的大肠杆菌,进行毒力、血清型、耐药性和基因型等方面的比较,对比分析大肠杆菌分子特性和表型差异,从而为临床医学和公共卫生控制提供指导。     

北京市部分地区城镇居民狂犬病认知情况初步调查

为了解北京市部分地区城镇居民对狂犬病的认知情况及其影响因素,随机选取海淀区、怀柔区、延庆区9个居民区的160名当地居民开展问卷调查,得到有效问卷112份;采用单因素分析方法对调查数据进行统计分析。结果显示,83.92%(94/112)的居民对狂犬病知识认知程度一般,15.18%(17/112)的居民部分了解,而仅0.89%(1/112)的居民非常了解。其中,居民对狂犬病易感动物、传播途径和被犬咬伤后正确处理方法等问题回答正确率低于40%。单因素分析发现,文化程度对北京地区城镇居民狂犬病认知水平有较大影响(P0.05),随着文化程度的提高,回答正确率不断提高。另外,当地居民希望通过微信、微博等新媒体(80.36%)、电视(78.57%)、社区宣传(72.32%)等方式获取狂犬病知识。以上结果表明,北京市城镇居民对狂犬病认知程度一般,对狂犬病易感动物、传播途径和被犬咬伤后正确处理等方面认知水平较低。因此,应选择微信、微博等新媒体,结合电视、社区宣传等方式,开展狂犬病流行病学等方面的宣传,以此提升北京市城镇居民的狂犬病认知水平。     

2016/2017冬中国气温偏暖的基本特征及可能成因

利用中国740余站观测的月平均2 m气温资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,通过动力学诊断的方法,对2016—2017年中国冬季异常偏暖现象进行了研究。结果发现：中国2016—2017年冬季气温偏暖主要是由于西伯利亚高压和阿留申低压偏弱导致东亚冬季风偏弱,在中国存在异常的偏南风。阿留申低压偏弱由两个因素引起,一是由于阿留申群岛地区的海温偏低,冷源对应异常高压导致阿留申低压偏弱;二是阿留申低压在东亚副热带高空西风急流出口区以北,然而该冬季高空西风急流出口区位置偏南,导致阿留申地区偏离急流出口减压区,从而导致阿留申低压偏弱。此外,西风带偏北,中高纬亚洲大陆上空以纬向环流为主,不利于冷空气南下。     

The localization and expression of epidermal growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor in bovine ovary during oestrous cycle

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is one of the important regulatory factors of EGF family. EGF has been indicated to effectively inhibit the apoptosis of follicular cells, to promote the proliferation of granulosa cells and the maturation of oocytes, and to induce ovulation process via binding to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, little is known about the distribution and expression of EGF and EGFR in cattle ovary especially during oestrous cycle. In this study, the localization and expression rule of EGF and EGFR in cattle ovaries of follicular phase and luteal phase at different time points in oestrous cycle were investigated by using IHC and real-time qPCR. The results showed that EGF and EGFR in cattle ovary were mainly expressed in granulosa cells, cumulus cells, oocytes, zona pellucida, follicular fluid and theca folliculi externa of follicles. The protein and mRNA expression of EGF/EGFR in follicles changed regularly with the follicular growth wave both in follicular and in luteal phase ovaries. In follicular phase ovaries, the protein expression of EGF and EGFR was higher in antral follicles than that of those in other follicles during follicular growth stage, and the mRNA expression of EGFR was also increased in stage of dominant follicle selection. However, in luteal phase ovaries, the growth of follicles was impeded during corpus luteum development under the action of progesterone secreted by granular lutein cell. The mRNA and protein expressions of EGF and EGFR in ovarian follicles during oestrous cycle indicate that they play a role in promoting follicular development in follicular growth waves and mediating the selection process of dominant follicles.     

Effects of late planting on fiber quality and within-boll yield components as mediated by sucrose metabolism in cotton bolls

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of late planting on sucrose metabolism in cotton bolls and the relationship to fiber properties and within-boll yield components. Two cotton lines A201 and A705 were employed in a sowing date experiment where two temperature regimes during boll maturation period were created at mean daily temperature of 26.8°C, 28.3°C for early planting and 25.2°C, 23.1°C for late planting in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Boll size, seed mass per boll, seed index and fiber length were increased, and lint percentage was decreased by late planting. Greater cell wall invertase activity and the resultant hexose concentration in fibers were observed in late planting, and thus led to decreased osmotic potential accounting for the enhanced fiber length. Similarly, late planting increased the maximum of vacuolar invertase activity in ovules occurring at 5 days post anthesis (DPA) and hexose concentrations in embryos from 10 DPA afterwards which may favor embryo cell division, and thus increase final seed size. Our data indicate that acid invertase and hexose are implicated in the formation of within-boll yield components and fiber properties as affected by the lower temperature regime due to late planting.     

苦瓜转录因子McEIL2的克隆及其表达分析

本研究从已构建的苦瓜果实均一化文库筛选得到一个EIN3-like同源EST序列,结合RACE技术,克隆得到EIN3基因c DNA全长序列,命名为Mc EIL2(Gen Bank登录号:KF595122)。该基因全长2 122 bp,开放阅读框1 890 bp,编码629个氨基酸,预测该蛋白的分子量为71.58 k D,与黄瓜Cus EIN3、甜瓜Cm EIL1、苜蓿Mt EIL1、绿豆Vr EIL1和番茄Le EIL1的蛋白同源性分别为89.61%、78.37%、71.23%、69.09%和65.66%。Mc EIL2基因的编码蛋白亚细胞定位于细胞核,荧光定量分析表明Mc EIL2基因表达量在幼果期先强后弱,绿熟期最低,破色期表达量大幅增加至最高随后下降,推测该基因参与苦瓜果实成熟软化调控过程。本研究初步明确了Mc EIL2基因在苦瓜成熟过程表达模式,可为今后进一步揭示苦瓜果实成熟软化的分子机制奠定基础。     

基于TRIZ的方草捆收集车集捆装置设计

针对方草捆收集车集捆装置工作稳定性较差的问题，利用TRIZ系统分析方法及ProInnovator软件对集捆装置进行分析，提出了改进方案，对改进方案进行综合评价，得到了最优方案。